Here are Embedded Systems questions and answers for fresher as well experienced candidates to get their dream job.
Describe a time when you misunderstood a brief. What happened?
Demonstrates the level of accountability, as well as ability to follow instructions and remain professional.
How to Nail your next Technical Interview1 hour
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How would you design TinyURL?
URL shortening services like TinyURL provide short link aliases that redirect to longer URLs. Here are some points of consideration to help you work out how to build this kind of system.
Ask clarifying questions
Will users be able to customize the URL?
How long do the URLs last before they expire?
What are the availability and latency requirements for this system?
Design high-level
Back-of-the-envelope calculations: estimate the traffic and storage needs per month, as well as bandwidth and memory requirements
Define the APIs (SOAP, REST, etc) as well as a general database schema (URL mappings and user data)
Drill down on your design
Consider tradeoffs: encoding actual URLs may turn out the same shortened URL for two different users who enter the same URL. System may not work for URLs with URL-encoding. Concurrency may cause problems, etc.
Where will you place load balancers, and how will you cache URLs?
Bring it all together
Is the system you’ve designed highly available, so that URLs will not break if the servers go down? Does it meet any potential business objectives laid out at the start of the interview?
For a full answer to this question, take a look at this text guide from Educative.io.
How would you design a social media app?
For this question youll typically be asked to design a specific app, such as Twitter, Instagram, etc. For this example, we’ll assume the interviewer asked you to design Twitter. Here are some considerations for answering this question:
Ask clarifying questions
Is the interviewer looking for a design of the core features, or a high-level overview of the whole service?
What are the constraints of the system?
What are your assumptions? (traffic distribution, number of active users and tweets, read vs write-heavy)
Design high-level
Back-of-the-envelope calculations: average KBs per tweet, size of new tweet content per month, read requests and tweets per second, etc.
High-level components: write, read, and search APIs; types of databases; SQL vs NoSQL; etc
Drill down on your design
Potential bottlenecks: adding a load balancer with multiple web servers, scalability issues, fanout service slowing down tweets and @replies, etc.
Components that you could dive into: how a user views the home timeline or posts a tweet, the intricacies of the database design, etc.
Bring it all together
Consider: does the final design address the bottlenecks you’ve identified? Does it meet the goals you discussed at the beginning of the interview? Do you have any questions for the interviewer?
For a full answer to this question, take a look at the video guide below from Success In Tech or this text guide from donnemartin on GitHub.
How would you design X game?
Another topic that comes up frequently is designing a classic game. The exact game you’ll be asked about varies, but here are some of the most common ones we’ve seen:
Let’s walk through an example of what you could consider, if you were asked to design a Chess game.
Ask clarifying questions
What are the rules of the game?
How many players are there? Are there spectators?
Do we need a timer? Are any other special functions required?
Design high-level
Possible classes for the game: board, piece, spot, etc.
Methods that will be required for things like moving pieces
Drill down on your design
Identify important attributes for each class, such as the grid coordinates and color of each spot
Define how the game will prevent illegal moves and recognize a victory
Bring it all together
Sense check your design, and confirm whether it has met all of the requirements you identified at the beginning of the interview
Some of the above considerations were inspired by this in-depth solution to the question, so feel free to check out that resource.
Top 20 Systems Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for 2022